In the current global context, where nations are more interdependent than ever, the role and functionality of regional bodies become vital in achieving peace and stability as well as cooperation among the states. Although the European Union is one of the best examples of accomplishment, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation has been in perils ever since it has assumed its arms in 1985. Conceived to promote economic harmony, enhance security within the region, and develop culture, the SAARC unit has been unable to realize its dreams for some reasons within and without. The sharp contrast with the achievements of the EU, however, draws the attention not only to the problems of such an organization as SAARC, but also reveals the important things for its future.Many reasons have caused SAARC to lose its purpose, including self-serving policies, aggressive territorial politics and lack of an economic approach to the activities of member states. On the other hand, the European Union’s success has largely been because there are common goals, security trade-offs and a wide range of institutions to promote interaction.One such example or case in point as to the problems of SAARC, would be the case of the ever Inactive South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) agreement.
The agreement was signed in 2004 in an effort to increase trade between the countries in the region, however, due to Regulation and the still existing barriers on trade, it has barely been put into action. The pervading hostilities between the two nations of India and Pakistan, end generally extending all the way to any trade negotiations since normally both countries tend to put their national interests before the alliance. Hence the intra-regional trade under SAARC is about 5% of South Asia’s total trade while in EU it is above 60% with countries trading within the regions The historical political disputes, particularly between India and Pakistan, have led both states into a security dilemma, hindering constructive dialogue and leaving smaller member states hesitant to adopt a supportive agenda. In contrast, the EU promotes a collaborative environment where mutual interests are prioritized.
Additionally, SAARC’s weak institutional framework worsens these challenges. Without a proper authority to resolve disputes or promote cooperation, member states experience increased inequality and mistrust. In comparison, the EU benefits from a strong institutional framework, including a judicial system, a parliamentary body, and the European Commission, which enhance cooperation and facilitate peaceful dispute resolution through soft border policies.ConclusionThe distinction made between the Europeans Union and SAARC offers important implication for cooperation within regions in the world. If the EU is seen as successful, it is primarily because of its well-built institutions, equality and conflict resolution. On the contrary, the structural defects and geopolitical rivalries are some of the features that have made SAARC almost ineffective.Even in this case, there are lessons that SAARC countries can learn from the EU approach.
First, India being the dialogue partner, it bears the most responsibility, as it occupies 66% of geographical area, 80% of economic output and 70% of the people of South Asia. In order to maintain peace domestically, India needs to enhance relations with the countries that surround it and accentuate the relations based on common interests rather than those based on looked after only oneself.Within the scope of SAARC lies the abilities for advancement and a more united future just as it is within the EU but this requires the change of direction. SAARC without limiting its intervention to member countries can realize and achieve immense development by encouraging the members to embrace regional concerns rather than engaging in any form of rivalry or competition.
Muhammad Umar Nasir student at NUML ISB. He is interested in South Asian region, focusing on the diversion of traditional conflicts to non-traditional conflicts along with major powers interest in south Asian region.
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